HW3: 空间与运动 - Cauchy's Blog

作业简介： 1.简答题（涉及游戏对象运动） 2.编程实践
ps. GIF图片加载比较慢

一、简答题#

游戏对象运动的本质是什么？

游戏对象随着每一帧而发生的空间位置（相对的或绝对的）、旋转角度及缩放的变化。

用三种以上方法实现物体的抛物线运动。

抛物线运动的实质是一个方向匀速运动，与其垂直的一个方向进行匀加速运动。

效果图：

法一：对transform.position分方向加变化值

1
void Update()
2
    {
3
        if(frame<=60){  //运行60帧
4
            //向下的方向 匀变速
5
            this.transform.position += Vector3.down * Time.deltaTime * v;
6
            //向左的方向 匀速
7
            this.transform.position += Vector3.left * Time.deltaTime * 2f;
8

9
            this.transform.Rotate(0f,0f,1f,Space.Self); //每帧旋转 1°
10
            v+=0.1f; //加速度为0.1
11
            frame++;
12
        }
13
    }

法二：对transform.position整体方向加变化值

1
void Update()
2
    {
3
        if(frame<=60){  //运行60帧
4
          // 注意正负区分方向
5
            Vector3 change = new Vector3(-Time.deltaTime*2f, -Time.deltaTime *v, 0f);
6
            this.transform.position += change;
7

8
            this.transform.Rotate(0f,0f,1f,Space.Self); //每帧旋转 1°
9
            v+=0.1f;
10
            frame++;
11
        }
12
    }

法三：对transform.position应用transform.Translate函数

1
void Update()
2
    {
3
        if(frame<=60){  //运行60帧
4
            Vector3 change = new Vector3(-Time.deltaTime*2f, -Time.deltaTime *v, 0f);
5
            this.transform.Translate(change,Space.World);
6

7
      // transform.Translate默认是相对于变换的本地轴(Space.Self)来应用该移动
8
      // 坐标变换有所区别，不是很好分辨方向
9
            // Vector3 change = new Vector3(-Time.deltaTime *v,Time.deltaTime*2f,0f);
10
            // this.transform.Translate(change);
11

12
            this.transform.Rotate(0f,0f,1f,Space.Self); //每帧旋转 1°
13
            v+=0.1f;
14
            frame++;
15
        }
16
    }

写一个程序，实现完整的太阳系，其他星球围绕太阳的转速必须不一样，且不在一个法平面上。

这里的实现方式是写了个脚本，将围绕太阳旋转的星球都加入这个脚本，然后手动设置不同星球的自传和公转的速度。

1
using System.Collections;
2
using System.Collections.Generic;
3
using UnityEngine;
4

5
public class planetAround : MonoBehaviour
6
{
7
    public GameObject target;
8
    public float selfround = 1f; //自转速度
9
    public float pubaround = 1f; //公转速度
10

11
    void Update()
12
    {
13
        this.transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * Time.deltaTime *selfround);
14
        this.transform.RotateAround(target.transform.position, Vector3.up, 5 * pubaround * Time.deltaTime);
15
    }
16
}

实际效果：

二、编程实践#

试玩游戏界面

游戏规则：

游戏开始时，在河岸的一边有3个牧师与3个魔鬼，他们都想过到河的另一边。
只有一艘小船，小船每次最多乘两个人，且必须有一个人船才能动。
玩家可以点击牧师或魔鬼让他们上下船，点击船来使船在两岸往返。
如果在某一河岸牧师的数量少于魔鬼的数量（包括停在岸边船上人的数量），牧师被杀死，游戏失败。
使牧师与魔鬼都到达对岸时，游戏胜利。

Object#

Object	Num
河岸(Coast)	2
河水(Water)	1
船(Boat)	1
牧师(Priest)	3
恶魔(Devil)	3

UserAction#

Action	Condition	Effect
点击岸上角色	船在相应的河岸，船上人数少于2人	角色上船
点击船上角色	无	角色上岸
点击船	船上有至少一个角色	船移动到另一岸
点击Restart	游戏结束	重新开始游戏

Prefabs#

涉及的材质与部分预制来源于Assest Store。

河岸(Coast)

河水(Water)

船(Boat)

牧师(Priest)

恶魔(Devil)

MVC框架#

主要代码#

项目地址：https://github.com/Cauchyoooo/3DGameDesign/tree/main/hw3/Assets

Director#

采用单例模式，在运行时才创建Director实例，若已创建该实例不会重复创建。

1
public class Director : System.Object
2
{
3
    private static Director _instance;
4

5
    public ISceneController currentSceneController { get; set;}
6

7
    public static Director getInstance()
8
    {
9
        if(_instance == null){
10
            _instance = new Director();
11
        }
12
        return _instance;
13
    }
14
}

ISceneController#

场记接口，用于加载场景资源。

1
public interface ISceneController
2
{
3
  void LoadResources();
4
}

IUserAction#

用户操作接口，用于记录可能的用户操作。这里将上述的4个行为转化为以下3个。

1
public interface IUserAction
2
{
3
    void ClickCharacter(myCharacterController charactorController);
4
    void moveBoat();
5
    void Restart();
6
}

Moveable#

可移动脚本，具有该组件的游戏对象才可以移动。

1
public class Moveable : MonoBehaviour
2
{
3
    readonly float moveSpeed = 20;
4
    /// 0->not moving 1->moving to middle 2->moving to destination
5
    int moveStatus;
6
    Vector3 destination;
7
    Vector3 middle;
8

9
    void Update() {
10
    if (moveStatus == 1) {
11
      transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards (transform.position, middle, moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime);
12
      if (transform.position == middle) {
13
        moveStatus = 2;
14
      }
15
    }
16
        else if (moveStatus == 2) {
17
      transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards (transform.position, destination, moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime);
18
      if (transform.position == destination) {
19
        moveStatus = 0;
20
      }
21
    }
22
  }
23
  public void setDestination(Vector3 d) {
24
    destination = d;
25
    middle = d;
26
    /// Moving Boat
27
    if (d.y == transform.position.y) {
28
      moveStatus = 2;
29
    }
30
    /// Move character from coast to boat
31
    else if (d.y < transform.position.y) {
32
      middle.y = transform.position.y;
33
    }
34
    /// Move character from boat to coast
35
    else {
36
      middle.x = transform.position.x;
37
    }
38
    moveStatus = 1;
39
  }
40

41
  public void reset() {
42
    moveStatus = 0;
43
  }
44
}

CoastController#

河岸控制器，用于创建河岸及涉及河岸的各种操作

1
public class CoastController
2
{
3
  readonly GameObject coast;
4
  readonly Vector3 startPos = new Vector3(9,1,0);
5
  readonly Vector3 endPos = new Vector3(-9,1,0);
6
  readonly Vector3[] positions;
7
  /// direction : Start or End
8
  readonly string direction;
9

10
  /// change frequently
11
  myCharacterController[] passengerPlaner;
12

13
  public CoastController(string direc) {
14
    positions = new Vector3[] {new Vector3(6.5F,2.0F,0), new Vector3(7.5F,2.0F,0), new Vector3(8.5F,2.0F,0),
15
      new Vector3(9.5F,2.0F,0), new Vector3(10.5F,2.0F,0), new Vector3(11.5F,2.0F,0)};
16

17
    passengerPlaner = new myCharacterController[6];
18

19
    if (direc == "Start") {
20
      coast = Object.Instantiate (Resources.Load ("Prefabs/Coast", typeof(GameObject)), startPos, Quaternion.identity, null) as GameObject;
21
      coast.name = "Start";
22
            coast.tag = "Start";
23
      direction = "Start";
24
    }
25
        else if(direc == "End"){
26
      coast = Object.Instantiate (Resources.Load ("Prefabs/Coast", typeof(GameObject)), endPos, Quaternion.identity, null) as GameObject;
27
      coast.name = "End";
28
            coast.tag = "End";
29
      direction = "End";
30
    }
31
  }
32

33
  public int getEmptyIndex() {
34
    for (int i = 0; i < passengerPlaner.Length; i++) {
35
      if (passengerPlaner [i] == null) {
36
        return i;
37
      }
38
    }
39
    return -1;
40
  }
41

42
  public Vector3 getEmptyPosition() {
43
    Vector3 pos = positions [getEmptyIndex ()];
44
        if(direction == "End")
45
            pos.x *= -1;
46
    return pos;
47
  }
48

49
  public void getOnCoast(myCharacterController cC) {
50
    int index = getEmptyIndex ();
51
    passengerPlaner [index] = cC;
52
  }
53

54
  public myCharacterController getOffCoast(string passengerName) {
55
    for (int i = 0; i < passengerPlaner.Length; i++) {
56
      if (passengerPlaner [i] != null && passengerPlaner [i].getName () == passengerName) {
57
        myCharacterController cC = passengerPlaner [i];
58
        passengerPlaner [i] = null;
59
        return cC;
60
      }
61
    }
62
    return null;
63
  }
64

65
  public string getDirection() {
66
    return direction;
67
  }
68

69
  public int[] getNum() {
70
    int[] count = {0, 0};
71
    for (int i = 0; i < passengerPlaner.Length; i++) {
72
      if (passengerPlaner [i] == null)
73
        continue;
74
      /// 0->priest, 1->devil
75
      if (passengerPlaner [i].getType () == 0) {
76
        count[0]++;
77
      }
78
            else {
79
        count[1]++;
80
      }
81
    }
82
    return count;
83
  }
84

85
  public void reset() {
86
    passengerPlaner = new myCharacterController[6];
87
  }
88
}

BoatController#

船控制器，用于创建船及涉及船的各种操作。

1
public class BoatController
2
{
3
    readonly GameObject boat;
4
  readonly Moveable moveScript;
5
  readonly Vector3 startPosition = new Vector3 (5, 1, 0);
6
  readonly Vector3 endPosition = new Vector3 (-5, 1, 0);
7
  readonly Vector3[] startPositions;
8
  readonly Vector3[] endPositions;
9

10
  /// change frequently
11
    string direction;
12
  myCharacterController[] passenger = new myCharacterController[2];
13

14
  public BoatController() {
15
    direction = "Start";
16

17
    startPositions = new Vector3[] { new Vector3 (4.5F, 1.1F, 0), new Vector3 (5.5F, 1.1F, 0) };
18
    endPositions = new Vector3[] { new Vector3 (-5.5F, 1.1F, 0), new Vector3 (-4.5F, 1.1F, 0) };
19

20
    boat = Object.Instantiate (Resources.Load ("Prefabs/Boat", typeof(GameObject)), startPosition, Quaternion.identity, null) as GameObject;
21
    boat.name = "boat";
22
        boat.tag = "Boat";
23

24
    moveScript = boat.AddComponent (typeof(Moveable)) as Moveable;
25
    boat.AddComponent (typeof(Click));
26
  }
27

28
  public void Move() {
29
    if (direction == "End") {
30
      moveScript.setDestination(startPosition);
31
      direction = "Start";
32
    }
33
    else {
34
      moveScript.setDestination(endPosition);
35
      direction = "End";
36
    }
37
  }
38

39
  public int getEmptyIndex() {
40
    for (int i = 0; i < passenger.Length; i++) {
41
      if (passenger [i] == null) {
42
        return i;
43
      }
44
    }
45
    return -1;
46
  }
47

48
  public bool isEmpty() {
49
    for (int i = 0; i < passenger.Length; i++) {
50
      if (passenger [i] != null) {
51
        return false;
52
      }
53
    }
54
    return true;
55
  }
56

57
  public Vector3 getEmptyPosition() {
58
    Vector3 pos;
59
    int emptyIndex = getEmptyIndex ();
60
    if (direction == "End") {
61
      pos = endPositions[emptyIndex];
62
    }
63
    else {
64
      pos = startPositions[emptyIndex];
65
    }
66
    return pos;
67
  }
68

69
  public void getOnBoat(myCharacterController characterCtrl) {
70
    int index = getEmptyIndex ();
71
    passenger [index] = characterCtrl;
72
  }
73

74
  public myCharacterController getOffBoat(string passenger_name) {
75
    for (int i = 0; i < passenger.Length; i++) {
76
      if (passenger [i] != null && passenger [i].getName () == passenger_name) {
77
        myCharacterController charactorCtrl = passenger [i];
78
        passenger [i] = null;
79
        return charactorCtrl;
80
      }
81
    }
82
    return null;
83
  }
84

85
  public GameObject getGameobj() {
86
    return boat;
87
  }
88

89
  public string getDirection() {
90
    return direction;
91
  }
92

93
  public int[] getNum() {
94
    int[] count = {0, 0};
95
    for (int i = 0; i < passenger.Length; i++) {
96
      if (passenger [i] == null)
97
        continue;
98
      /// 0->priest, 1->devil
99
      if (passenger [i].getType () == 0) {
100
        count[0]++;
101
      }
102
      else {
103
        count[1]++;
104
      }
105
    }
106
    return count;
107
  }
108

109
  public void reset() {
110
    moveScript.reset ();
111
    if (direction == "End") {
112
      Move ();
113
    }
114
    passenger = new myCharacterController[2];
115
  }
116
}

myCharacterController#

角色控制器，用于创建牧师(Priest)与魔鬼(Devil)，及涉及角色的各种操作。

1
public class myCharacterController
2
{
3
    readonly GameObject character;
4
  readonly Moveable moveScript;
5
  readonly Click click;
6
  /// 0->priest, 1->devil
7
  readonly int characterType;
8
  /// change frequently
9
  bool _isOnBoat;
10
  CoastController coastController;
11

12
  public myCharacterController(string _character) {
13
    if (_character == "Priest") {
14
      character = Object.Instantiate (Resources.Load ("Prefabs/Priest", typeof(GameObject)), Vector3.zero, Quaternion.Euler(0, 180, 0), null) as GameObject;
15
      characterType = 0;
16
    }
17
        else {
18
      character = Object.Instantiate (Resources.Load ("Prefabs/Devil", typeof(GameObject)), Vector3.zero, Quaternion.Euler(0, 180, 0), null) as GameObject;
19
      characterType = 1;
20
    }
21
    moveScript = character.AddComponent (typeof(Moveable)) as Moveable;
22

23
    click = character.AddComponent (typeof(Click)) as Click;
24
    click.setController (this);
25
  }
26

27
  public void setName(string name) {
28
    character.name = name;
29
  }
30

31
    public void setTag(string tag) {
32
    character.tag = tag;
33
  }
34

35
  public void setPosition(Vector3 pos) {
36
    character.transform.position = pos;
37
  }
38

39
  public void moveTo(Vector3 destination) {
40
    moveScript.setDestination(destination);
41
  }
42

43
  public int getType() {
44
    return characterType;
45
  }
46

47
  public string getName() {
48
    return character.name;
49
  }
50

51
    public string getTag() {
52
    return character.tag;
53
  }
54

55
  public void getOnBoat(BoatController boat) {
56
    coastController = null;
57
    character.transform.parent = boat.getGameobj().transform;
58
    _isOnBoat = true;
59
  }
60

61
  public void getOnCoast(CoastController coast) {
62
    coastController = coast;
63
    character.transform.parent = null;
64
    _isOnBoat = false;
65
  }
66

67
  public bool isOnBoat() {
68
    return _isOnBoat;
69
  }
70

71
  public CoastController getCoastController() {
72
    return coastController;
73
  }
74

75
  public void reset() {
76
    moveScript.reset ();
77
    coastController = (Director.getInstance ().currentSceneController as FirstControllor).startCoast;
78
    getOnCoast (coastController);
79
    setPosition (coastController.getEmptyPosition ());
80
    coastController.getOnCoast (this);
81
  }
82
}

FirstController#

最高层控制器，实现场记接口、用户行动接口的功能。

1
public class FirstController : MonoBehaviour, ISceneController, IUserAction
2
{
3
    readonly Vector3 waterPos = new Vector3(0,0.5F,0);
4
    public CoastController startCoast;
5
    public CoastController endCoast;
6
    public BoatController boat;
7
    private myCharacterController[] characters;
8
    myUserGUI userGUI;
9

10
    void Start ()
11
    {
12
        Director director = Director.getInstance();
13
        director.currentSceneController = this;
14
        userGUI = gameObject.AddComponent<myUserGUI>() as myUserGUI;
15
        characters = new myCharacterController[6];
16
        LoadResources();
17
    }
18

19
    public void LoadResources(){
20
        GameObject water = Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/Water", typeof(GameObject)), waterPos, Quaternion.identity, null) as GameObject;
21
        water.name = "water";
22
        water.tag = "Water";
23

24
        startCoast = new CoastController("Start");
25
        endCoast = new CoastController("End");
26
        boat = new BoatController();
27

28
        for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
29
            myCharacterController priest = new myCharacterController("Priest");
30
            priest.setName("Priest "+i);
31
            priest.setTag("Priest");
32
            priest.setPosition(startCoast.getEmptyPosition());
33
            priest.getOnCoast(startCoast);
34
            startCoast.getOnCoast(priest);
35
            characters[i] = priest;
36
        }
37

38
        for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
39
            myCharacterController devil = new myCharacterController("Devil");
40
            devil.setName("Devil "+i);
41
            devil.setTag("Devil");
42
            devil.setPosition(startCoast.getEmptyPosition());
43
            devil.getOnCoast(startCoast);
44
            startCoast.getOnCoast(devil);
45
            characters[i+3] = devil;
46
        }
47
    }
48

49
    public void moveBoat(){
50
        if(boat.isEmpty())
51
            return;
52
        boat.Move();
53
        userGUI.status = checkGameOver();
54
    }
55

56
    public void ClickCharacter(myCharacterController cC){
57
        if(cC.isOnBoat()){
58
            CoastController coast;
59
            if(boat.getDirection()=="Start")
60
                coast = startCoast;
61
            else
62
                coast = endCoast;
63

64
            boat.getOffBoat(cC.getName());
65
            cC.moveTo(coast.getEmptyPosition());
66
            cC.getOnCoast(coast);
67
            coast.getOnCoast(cC);
68
        }
69
        else{
70
            CoastController coast = cC.getCoastController();
71
            if(boat.getEmptyIndex () == -1 || coast.getDirection() != boat.getDirection())
72
                return;
73
            coast.getOffCoast(cC.getName());
74
            cC.moveTo(boat.getEmptyPosition());
75
            cC.getOnBoat(boat);
76
            boat.getOnBoat(cC);
77
        }
78

79
        userGUI.status = checkGameOver();
80
    }
81

82
    /// -1->lose 0->unfinish 1->win
83
    int checkGameOver(){
84
        int startPriest = 0;
85
        int endPriest = 0;
86
        int startDevil = 0;
87
        int endDevil = 0;
88

89
        int[] startCount = startCoast.getNum();
90
        startPriest += startCount[0];
91
        startDevil += startCount[1];
92

93
        int[] endCount = endCoast.getNum();
94
        endPriest += endCount[0];
95
        endDevil += endCount[1];
96

97
        if(endDevil+endPriest ==6)
98
            return 1;
99

100
        int[] boatCount = boat.getNum();
101
        if(boat.getDirection() == "End"){
102
            endPriest += boatCount[0];
103
            endDevil += boatCount[1];
104
        }
105
        else{
106
            startPriest += boatCount[0];
107
            startDevil += boatCount[1];
108
        }
109

110
        if(startPriest<startDevil && startPriest>0)
111
            return -1;
112
        if(endPriest<endDevil && endPriest>0)
113
            return -1;
114

115
        return 0;
116

117

118
    }
119

120
    public void Restart(){
121
        boat.reset();
122
        startCoast.reset();
123
        endCoast.reset();
124
        for(int i=0;i<characters.Length;i++)
125
            characters[i].reset();
126
    }
127
}

Click#

点击脚本，检测船和角色是否被点击，从而进行移动的操作。其中，角色和船必须含有碰撞体的组件，不然无法监听对象是否被点击。

1
public class Click : MonoBehaviour
2
{
3
    IUserAction userAction;
4
    myCharacterController characterController;
5

6
    public void setController(myCharacterController cC){
7
        characterController = cC;
8
    }
9

10
    void Start(){
11
        userAction = Director.getInstance().currentSceneController as IUserAction;
12
    }
13

14
    void OnMouseDown(){
15
        if(gameObject.tag == "Boat")
16
            userAction.moveBoat();
17
        else if(gameObject.tag == "Priest" || gameObject.tag == "Devil")
18
            userAction.ClickCharacter(characterController);
19
        Debug.Log("Click");
20
    }
21
}

myUserGUI#

游戏结束的界面设计。

1
public class myUserGUI : MonoBehaviour
2
{
3
    private IUserAction action;
4
    public int status = 0;
5
    GUIStyle style;
6
    GUIStyle buttonStyle;
7

8
    void Start(){
9
        action = Director.getInstance ().currentSceneController as IUserAction;
10

11
    style = new GUIStyle();
12
    style.fontSize = 40;
13
    style.alignment = TextAnchor.MiddleCenter;
14

15
    buttonStyle = new GUIStyle("button");
16
    buttonStyle.fontSize = 30;
17
    }
18

19
    void OnGUI() {
20
    if (status == -1) {
21
      GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width/2-50, Screen.height/2-85, 100, 50), "Gameover!", style);
22
      if (GUI.Button(new Rect(Screen.width/2-70, Screen.height/2, 140, 70), "Restart", buttonStyle)) {
23
        status = 0;
24
        action.Restart ();
25
      }
26
    }
27
        else if(status == 1) {
28
      GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width/2-50, Screen.height/2-85, 100, 50), "You win!", style);
29
      if (GUI.Button(new Rect(Screen.width/2-70, Screen.height/2, 140, 70), "Restart", buttonStyle)) {
30
        status = 0;
31
        action.Restart ();
32
      }
33
    }
34
  }
35
}

实现效果#

有待改进#

没有添加角色行走的动画，及制作朝向
河水和船等动画也没有制作
没有加1min的倒计时
游戏失败没有等船到岸之后弹出来

音乐

音乐